E85 is a fuel blend containing up to 85% ethanol by volume, while E100 refers to fuel consisting predominantly of ethanol. Flex-fuel vehicles are designed to operate on different petrol-ethanol blends using a single fuel tank. Depending on their design and certification, these vehicles can operate on approved blends ranging from petrol-ethanol mixtures to E85 or E100.
The technology uses compatible fuel-system components and engine controls that adjust operation according to fuel composition. It is already used in countries such as Brazil and the United States, where vehicles can operate on a range of ethanol blends.
Greater use of domestically produced ethanol could help reduce India's dependence on imported crude oil. Ethanol use in suitably designed vehicles may also reduce certain exhaust pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions over the fuel's lifecycle, depending on the feedstock and production process.
The ministry clarified that E85 and E100 fuels are intended only for vehicles specifically designed and certified to use them. Compatibility with E10 or E20 fuel does not establish that a vehicle can safely operate on E85 or E100.
The amendments do not require owners of existing vehicles to switch to high-ethanol fuels or modify their vehicles. Motorists have been advised to check their vehicle's fuel compatibility sticker and consult the manufacturer's owner's manual before selecting a fuel at a filling station.
The notification also updates provisions relating to biodiesel and makes technical corrections to the rules. The amendments will take effect from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
