Era of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary step in the field of construction which deals with the synthesis, characterization, utilization and analysis of materials at the nano scale. These can be utilized to improve the mechanical properties, and furthermore, to examine the microstructure of concrete.
Pawandeep Kaur, Post Graduate Student, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and Dr. Jaspal Singh, Chief Engineer, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana

There has been an exceptional change in the realm of industrialization. The quantity of industries is expanding step by step which has emotional impact on nature. Because of the expansion in number of industries, the degree of carbon dioxide outflows is expanding at a pinnacle rate. Carbon dioxide has become a significant method of reasoning for the yielding of greenhouse impact which is mainly due to the cement production as depicted by the green technology research. The expenses of cement are likewise expanding day by day. The manufacturing of concrete needs colossal vitality, therefore, release same measure of carbon dioxide which is exceptionally perilous for the human well being. Because of this vulnerability, it has gotten compulsory to alleviate the creation of cement by replacing it with alternative materials, for instance, fly ash, bottom ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, corn cob ash etc which has the similar properties as that of cement. As it is well known fact that Ordinary cement and concrete composites offer much flexibility and cost effectiveness in their utilization but they are exposed to physical and chemical attacks which affects their performance; therefore, these requires costly repair and maintenance works. Under different loads and situations, ordinary concrete is not much advantageous for effective service life. Therefore, it is pertinent to produce the modified concrete with outstanding properties so that minimum amount of cement is highly desired with the intention that economical and sustainable construction may be achieved along with the reduction in CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere.